METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING CONDENSED WATER FROM WATER VAPOR CONTAINED IN AIR, METHOD AND SYSTEM

专利摘要:
The invention relates to a device for treating condensed water from water vapor contained in atmospheric air. According to the invention, means for adding minerals to the condensed water produce remineralised water, which complies with drinking water standards and can therefore be sent into a pipeline network. The invention also relates to a drinking water generation system, comprising means for condensing the water vapor contained in the atmospheric air, combined with such a device for treating condensed water.
公开号:FR3044003A1
申请号:FR1561325
申请日:2015-11-24
公开日:2017-05-26
发明作者:Jean Thomas；Simon Ferrand
申请人:Leaudelair SA；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Method and apparatus for treating condensed water from water vapor contained in the air, method and system for generating associated drinking water. 1. Field of the invention
The field of the invention is that of the treatment of water obtained by condensation of the water vapor contained in the air, in particular to make it drinkable and fit for consumption. In one of its aspects, the invention relates to a system and a method for generating drinking water from atmospheric air, also called D-AWG (for the English "Drink-Atmospheric Water Generator").
The water treatment proposed by the present invention applies to all types of atmospheric water generators, whether small generators producing 10 to 30 liters of water per day, or larger devices , can produce more than 50000 liters daily. 2. Prior art and its disadvantages Water is a natural resource whose global consumption is growing rapidly, leading to increased risks of scarcity for the years to come. Water management has therefore become a global priority.
Atmospheric drinking water generators, or D-AWGs, which make it possible to produce water from atmospheric air, constitute, in this context, an interesting complementary alternative to the existing drinking water production system, which is based on the extraction and treatment of freshwater contained in rivers or groundwater, or on desalination of seawater. Indeed, this technology, which is part of a sustainable development context , in particular to bring drinking water to areas that do not have it. Such an atmospheric drinking water generator is described in particular by Rolande V. W., 2001, in "Atmospheric water vapor processor designs for drinking water production: a review", Pergamon, Wat. Res. Flight. 35, No. 1, pp. 1-22.
A lot of research and development work is therefore underway to make it possible to offer the public water-generating devices, from the water vapor contained in the atmospheric air, which produce a quality drinking water, that is to say, complies with the legal and normative quality requirements for water intended for human consumption, among which, for example, the decree of the French Ministry of Health and Solidarity of 11 January 2007 on limits and quality references for raw water and water intended for human consumption mentioned in Articles R. 1321-2, R. 1321-3, R. 1321-7 and R. 1321-38 of the Public Health Code ; European Directive 98/83 / EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption, Official Community Gazette 1998; L330: 32-54; Guidelines for drinking water quality published by the World Health Organization, 4th edition, WHO Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data. ISBN 978 92 4 154815 1.
Such devices, known as "cooling surface", transform the water vapor, present in gaseous or liquid form in the air, into liquid water, by condensation on a cold surface, when this water reaches its dew point. They conventionally comprise a refrigeration unit with a thermodynamic effect, consisting of an evaporator, on which the water is condensed, a compressor, a condenser, and an expander. After condensation of the water on the evaporator cooled tubes, the water flows by gravity to be collected. Such a device for generating water is for example described in patent documents WO2011063199, US5203989, US7373787, WO2012123849, WO2012162545, US7886557, or else WO 2011117841.
There are also other devices that make it possible to condense water vapor into water, which rely on the use of silica gel, as described in particular by Rolande VW, 2001, in "Atmospheric water vapor processor designs for drinking water. production: a review ", Pergamon, Wat. Res. Flight. 35, No. 1, pp. 1-22.
In addition, various air and water treatments may be provided in these devices to increase the quality of the water.
It is important to note, however, that unlike water from rivers or groundwater, for example, the water contained in the air contains very few minerals. The water produced by such devices for generating atmospheric water is therefore very slightly mineralized, which poses various problems.
First of all, this water has a low pH, is not very conductive, and is not at the calco-carbonic equilibrium. It can therefore be aggressive against limescale, concrete and cement, or corrosive vis-à-vis metals. This poses a problem when the water produced by the atmospheric water generator is used to supply pipes to homes or industrial installations (see, in particular, the drinking water quality guidelines published by the World Health Organization. , 4th edition, WHO Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data, ISBN 978 92 4154815 1).
In addition, this too soft water does not have sufficient buffering capacity to avoid sudden changes in pH.
Finally, the daily consumption of water that is too weakly mineralized is detrimental to health: in fact, the World Health Organization has established that consuming and cooking with water containing certain threshold amounts of calcium and magnesium allowed in particular to reduce the risks of certain diseases, such as cardiovascular pathologies for example ("Nutrient ores in drinking water and the potential health consequences of long-term consumption of demineralized and remineralized and altered ore content drinking water", 2004).
In order to overcome these disadvantages, certain atmospheric water generators attempt to remineralize the condensed water, by passing it on a cartridge filled with calcium carbonate carbonate (CaCO 3) carbonate carbonate rock, which may also contain carbonate. magnesium (MgCO3). This rock is also often mixed with calcined limestone, i.e. with alkaline earth oxides of CaO or MgO type. Such solutions are described in particular in US patent documents 8302412, US 7886557, WO 2011117841 or US 7373787.
However, this technique generally does not produce water correctly and remineralized enough to achieve the quality references governed by legal and normative requirements for water intended for human consumption.
In fact, the water produced from the water vapor of the air by such atmospheric water generators does not generally contain enough aggressive carbon dioxide to dissolve enough alkaline earth carbonate rock, and therefore sufficiently increase the mineral content of the water. It is recalled that aggressive carbon dioxide is defined as the difference between the free CO 2 present in water and the equilibrium CO 2, ie CO 2 allowing equilibrium water to be obtained, whose pH is equal to its saturation pH, pH above which precipitation of calcium and bicarbonate ions in the form of calcium carbonate is observed.
In addition, the alkaline earth oxides give the water a very high alkalinity at the beginning of their dissolution, which then decreases gradually. Their dissolution also does not stop at the saturation pH and these oxides continue to solubilize. It is therefore common, in existing atmospheric water generators, to observe, in the produced water, an exceeding of the quality reference values, in particular in the water generators in which the remineralization reactor is integrated into a system. periodic recirculation circuit of the water.
Consequently, none of the known atmospheric water generators operates a controlled remineralization of water, in which the mineral concentration of the water produced and the values of the associated physico-chemical parameters comply with the regulatory quality references, ie sufficient but less than the recommended upper limit.
In addition, there are also some systems for condensing atmospheric water vapor, but which are not designed, a priori, to generate drinking water. Thus, the air conditioning systems of buildings (houses, buildings, offices ...), whose function is to cool the ambient air of the buildings in which they are installed, generate condensed water, which is unfortunately not valued, and most often thrown away. To date, it has not been envisaged to valorize this condensed water, especially with a view to transforming it into water suitable for human consumption.
There is therefore a need for an atmospheric water treatment technique to overcome these various disadvantages.
In particular, there is a need for such an atmospheric water treatment technique that allows the production of quality drinking water in terms of mineral content, and which is in particular in accordance with the legal and normative requirements relating to the quality of the water. water intended for human consumption.
There is also a need for such a technique that can produce drinking water in which the amount of minerals can be adjusted according to the needs of the consumer. Another object of the invention is to provide such a technique for generating water from atmospheric air which makes it possible to produce drinking water of good quality, and in particular substantially free of pollutants or micro-organisms. The invention also aims to provide such a technique for recovering the condensed water by an air conditioning of a building for the purpose of making it drinkable so that it can subsequently be distributed through the pipe network of the building. building, and guarantee him some autonomy. The invention also aims to provide an atmospheric water treatment device implementing such a technique, which is relatively inexpensive, but also easy to use and ergonomic. The invention also aims to provide such a device that is energy efficient, allows to produce inexpensive water, and has a high water production yield, whatever the ambient conditions. The invention also aims to provide such a device that is simple and convenient maintenance. 3. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The invention responds to this need by proposing a device for treating condensed water from water vapor contained in the air, which comprises means for adding minerals to said water condensed by contact of said condensed water with a remineralization reactor containing at least one alkaline earth rock, said mineral adding means also comprising: means for controlling a contact time of said condensed water with said remineralization reactor according to a predetermined amount of minerals to be added; means for calculating a quantity of carbon dioxide to be injected into said condensed water, as a function of said predetermined quantity of minerals to be added; injection means in said condensed water of said calculated amount of carbon dioxide; said means for adding minerals producing remineralized water.
Thus, the invention is based on a completely new and inventive approach to the remineralization of water obtained by condensation of atmospheric water vapor, in particular to make it drinkable.
Indeed, the invention firstly proposes injecting carbon dioxide into the water collected by condensation, in order to increase the amount of aggressive CO 2 present in the water, and thus allow better dissolution of the alkaline carbonates. earthy. In addition, the invention proposes to control and control this remineralization process, by first calculating the amount of carbon dioxide that should be injected, but also the necessary and sufficient contact time between water and the alkaline-earth rock, to reach a predetermined rate of remineralization of the water collected by condensation.
Thus, it is advantageous to avoid the problems of insufficient dissolution of the rocks, which prevent reaching the threshold values of minerals and the associated physicochemical parameters recommended by the legal and normative texts relating to the quality of the water intended for human consumption. . It also avoids the problems of exceeding the permissible limit values, in case of too long contact time between the water and the reactor. In fact, thanks to the invention, the dissolution reaction of the rock ceases when almost all of the aggressive CO 2 has been consumed: as a result, the reaction stops around the saturation pH, and makes it possible to reach the desired hardness and alkalinity values.
According to a first characteristic of the invention, said control means are able to control at least one of the following parameters: a flow rate of said condensed water in said remineralization reactor; a concentration of said carbon dioxide to be injected; an injection flow rate of said carbon dioxide; a pressure of said carbon dioxide to be injected.
Thus, by adjusting the flow rate and CO 2 concentration and the water flow rate in the remineralization reactor, the necessary contact time between water and rock is obtained to dissolve the desired amount of minerals. It is also important to have a sufficient CO 2 pressure relative to the water pressure, to ensure a good injection. In addition, a change in CO 2 temperature changes the CO 2 density at a given pressure, which changes its concentration.
According to a particular aspect of the invention, such a device comprises means for selection by a user of said predetermined quantity of minerals to be added to said condensed water.
Thus, the consumer can choose the rate of minerals that he wishes to obtain for the drinking water generated by the atmospheric water generation device of the invention, for example by means of an ergonomic interface of the touch screen type. The calculation means of the device (for example a microcontroller) automatically adjust the amount of carbon dioxide to be injected and the necessary contact time between the water and the reactor, depending on the mineral content desired by the consumer.
The atmospheric drinking water generator of the invention can thus produce different drinking water, more or less remineralized, adapted to the needs and modes of consumption of users.
According to another aspect of the invention, said means for treating said condensed water comprise deionization means of said condensed water, producing a deionized water. By "deionized water" is meant here and throughout the document a water partially or completely deionized ions contained in the raw condensed water starting.
It should be noted that these deionization means can be implemented independently of the means for adding minerals described above, so that the invention also relates to a device for generating atmospheric drinking water which comprises deionization means but does not does not include means for adding minerals as described above.
Such deionization means advantageously make it possible to remove from the water collected by condensation some or most of the compounds and pollutants present in the water in ionic form. Indeed, the pollutants present in atmospheric air can, because of their physicochemical properties, be found in the water produced by condensation in the device of the invention. Such pollutants can be organic pollutants, inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals or certain undesirable ions, or micro-organisms such as viruses, bacteria, spores, etc.
According to the embodiments of the invention, said means for deionizing said condensed water comprise at least some of the means belonging to the group comprising: an ion exchange resin module; an aluminosilicate rock of zeolite type; electrodeionization means (EDI); a reverse osmosis membrane; a nanofiltration membrane.
According to another aspect of the invention, said processing means also comprise means for filtering said condensed water and / or said deionized water implementing at least one of the elements belonging to the group comprising: a particulate filter; an activated carbon filter; an ultrafiltration membrane.
Such filtering means can thus be arranged directly after the evaporator, so as to filter the condensed water, or after the deionization means, so as to filter the deionized water. They advantageously complement the deionization means, and allow to remove some water particles or unwanted components, to increase the quality of drinking water produced. They can also be arranged after the demineralization reactor to filter the remineralized water. The filtration step on activated carbon advantageously makes it possible to extract from the condensed water a good part of the organic pollutants.
According to another particular characteristic of the invention, such a device also comprises a stripping device capable of removing water at least one Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) or unwanted gas.
According to another particular characteristic of the invention, said means for adding minerals are disposed downstream of said deionization means, so that said minerals are added to said deionized water to produce said remineralized water.
Thus, the invention advantageously remineralizes a weakly ionized water obtained from the water vapor contained in the air. The device of the invention thus makes it possible to extract condensed water (filtered or not) harmful ions (pollutants), then add in the water and deionized minerals necessary for drinking water of good quality.
In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, such a device comprises two dissociated water circulation circuits, namely: a first water circulation circuit comprising a recovery tank of said condensed water, said deionization means of said condensed water and first means for disinfecting water, for example by ultraviolet radiation; a second water circulation circuit comprising said means for adding minerals, a reservoir for storing said remineralized water and second means for disinfecting said remineralised water, for example by ultraviolet radiation.
The filtering means may be integrated with the first water circulation circuit, and / or the second water circulation circuit, or be distributed between the two water circulation circuits.
In other words, unlike the AWGs of the prior art, which operate in a closed circuit but with a single water circulation circuit, the atmospheric water generator of the invention comprises two distinct reflux circuits: the first is a closed circuit comprising the deionization means condensed water (optionally filtered); the second is a closed circuit comprising remineralization means water (possibly filtered).
Such reflux circuits advantageously make it possible to circulate the water through the atmospheric drinking water generator, in order to avoid stagnation of the water which would promote bacterial growth and possible biofilm development. The implementation of two separate water circulation circuits advantageously makes it possible to separate the deionized water from the remineralized water, and therefore to be able to propose, in the same atmospheric water generator, deionization means on the one hand and means of remineralization on the other hand, that can be operated jointly economically. It is well understood that a single water circulation circuit comprising deionization means on the one hand and means for adding minerals on the other hand would be unreasonable operation and at the very least uneconomic, since each time the water flows in the single reflux circuit, the ions are removed from the water, followed directly by the addition of beneficial ions to the water.
According to a particular aspect of the invention, such a device then comprises means for periodically activating the circulation of water in each of said first and second circuits.
According to a particular aspect of the invention, such a device also comprises means for partial or total oxidation of at least one chemical compound present in said condensed water and / or in said filtered water and / or in said deionized water and / or in said remineralized water.
Such partial or total oxidation means belong to the group comprising: chlorination oxidation means; oxidation means by action of chlorine dioxide; oxidation means by ozone action means for implementing an advanced oxidation process (AOP "Advanced Oxidation Processes").
Such chemical oxidation means make it possible to oxidize organic and or inorganic compounds present in the water.
According to one embodiment, such a device also comprises means for disinfecting said condensed water and / or said filtered water and / or said deionized water and / or said remineralized water implementing at least one of the elements in the group comprising: an ultraviolet lamp; chlorine; chlorine dioxide; Ozone.
According to one embodiment, such disinfection means comprise at least one residual disinfectant capable of ensuring the quality of the water at the microbiological level during the distribution of this water in a pipe network.
The means of disinfection and total or partial oxidation can of course be combined, so that the oxidation and disinfection are carried out jointly (and especially during a single step). The invention also relates to a method for treating condensed water from water vapor contained in the air, which comprises a step of adding minerals to said condensed water by contacting said condensed water with a reactor of remineralization containing at least one alkaline earth rock. Such a step of adding minerals involves sub-steps of: controlling a contact time of said condensed water with said remineralization reactor, as a function of a predetermined quantity of minerals to be added; calculating a quantity of carbon dioxide to be injected into said condensed water, according to said predetermined quantity of minerals to be added; injecting said condensed water with said calculated amount of carbon dioxide; said step of adding minerals to said condensed water producing remineralized water.
All the features and advantages listed and described above in connection with the condensed water treatment device also apply to the condensed water treatment method according to the invention. The invention also relates to a system for generating drinking water from atmospheric air, comprising means for condensing a water vapor contained in the air, capable of producing condensed water, characterized in that it comprises a device for treating said condensed water as described above.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, such a system comprises atmospheric air treatment means arranged upstream of said condensation means.
By treating the air before condensation of the water vapor, it avoids the presence of certain pollutants in the condensed water. However, some compounds are very difficult to filter after dissolution in water, so it is particularly advantageous to filter beforehand.
Advantageously, such means for treating atmospheric air comprise at least some of the means belonging to the group comprising: an air pre-filter capable of removing coarse particles contained in the atmospheric air; a particulate air filter capable of removing fine particles contained in atmospheric air; a photocatalytic air filter.
According to another characteristic of the invention, such a system comprises at least one sensor delivering information on the quality of the atmospheric air, and means for stopping said drinking water generation system when said information on the quality of the the air is below a predetermined threshold.
According to a particular aspect of the invention, such a system makes it possible to recover and treat the condensed water by an apparatus outside the system. In particular, in one embodiment, the condensation means of a water vapor contained in the air are part of an air conditioning device of all or part of a building.
Indeed, the water treatment system described in the invention can for example be connected to an external cooling unit which provides air conditioning of a building for the purpose of producing drinking water with naturally condensed water during the process of cooling the air. According to one embodiment, the water produced according to the invention has the necessary characteristics to be distributed through the building's pipe network. 4. List of Figures Other purposes, features and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description, given as a simple illustrative and non-limiting example, in relation to the figures, among which: FIG. 1 presents, in schematic form, an embodiment of an atmospheric water generator comprising a water treatment device according to the invention; FIG. 2 illustrates, in block diagram form, the water circulation circuits of the atmospheric water generator of FIG. 1. Detailed Description of Embodiments of the Invention
The general principle of the invention is based on a controlled and controlled remineralization of the water produced from the water vapor contained in the air. In the remainder of this document, the technique for treating the condensed water of the invention is presented in the particular application context of an atmospheric drinking water generator. The specific means of water treatment described below can of course be implemented independently of the water vapor condensation means, or, alternatively, integrated with these condensation means of steam. water in a system for generating atmospheric drinking water. In the following, therefore, we will focus on this second variant.
With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, an embodiment of an atmospheric drinking water generator according to the invention is presented. Such an apparatus makes it possible to generate drinking water from the water vapor contained in the air.
As illustrated in a synthetic manner in FIG. 2 in the form of functional blocks, such an apparatus comprises: a functional module 100 (optional) for filtering the ambient air; a functional module 101 for condensing the water vapor contained in this ambient air.
In addition, the condensed water undergoes a closed circuit treatment, comprising, in this embodiment, a treatment of the water 102, including implementing a deionization treatment, and a remineralization treatment 103. These two systems of treatment referenced 102 and 103 are each integrated in a separate reflux circuit, namely the recirculation circuit comprising the water circulation channels referenced A and C for the treatment of water 102, and the recirculation circuit comprising the water circulation routes referenced B, G and D for remineralization treatment 103.
Note that, alternatively, the atmospheric drinking water generator of the invention can implement only remineralisation treatment 103, in closed circuit, without deionization treatment. Alternatively, the atmospheric water generator of the invention can also implement the treatment of water 102, in a closed circuit, without remineralization treatment.
As will be seen in more detail later with reference to FIG. 1, the treatment of water 102 makes it possible to filter the majority of the organic and inorganic compounds present in the form of pollutants in the water coming from the condensation functional module 101. , and destroy 99% of microorganisms. The remineralization treatment 103 makes it possible to add effective and controlled calcium, magnesium and hydrogencarbonate / carbonate ions, and 99.99% disinfection of the microorganisms. In an alternative embodiment without treatment of the water 102, this remineralisation 103 can take place directly on the water coming from the condensation module 101, or stored in the recovery tank 35.
These different functional modules will now be described in more detail in a particular embodiment illustrated in FIG.
The atmospheric water generator of the invention comprises a number of electrical or electronic components, which are identified in Figure 1 by an asterisk affixed to the reference numeral which designates them.
A microcontroller, which has not been shown in Figure 1, controls all these components. It is connected, for example, to a touch screen interface (not shown), which allows the user to observe the operation of the device for generating atmospheric drinking water, and to interact with it. In particular, as will be seen in more detail later, this interface can allow the user to select different modes of operation of the device: modes and options of condensation, drainage mode, energy saving mode. .. 5.1 Air filtration
The functional module 100 for filtering the ambient air is now presented in greater detail with reference to FIG. Such a module is optional, but is presented below in the context of a particular embodiment of the invention.
The quality of atmospheric air at the physical, chemical and microbiological level is not constant. It depends on many parameters, among which: - the geographical situation (city, countryside, sea, mountain, forest, desert); - the situation inside or outside a dwelling or building; - time of day - weather conditions ; - the season...
Most of the AWGs of the prior art, which are most often domestic appliances (used in indoor atmosphere), perform a filtering of atmospheric air by means of a particulate prefilter, which does not allow to retain and extract as the largest particles in the air.
However, some volatile organic pollutants (VOCs for "Volatile Organic Compounds") can see their concentration multiplied by 5 or 10, or even 100, in certain indoor atmospheres, in which they are permanently present. They are found in all kinds of products such as cleaning products, paints, varnishes, waxes, flooring, carpets, plastics, perfumes, cosmetics, newspapers, cigarette smoke, photocopiers, etc. If they are solubilized in water, some of these pollutants then pass all conventional water filtration barriers.
The atmospheric water generator of the invention implements, in a particular embodiment, a filtration or degradation of these chemical pollutants by air treatment, before the condensation of water by the functional module referenced 101.
To do this, when the atmospheric water generator is in drinking water production mode, the air sucked by a variable speed fan 18 enters an air duct referenced 43. It first passes through a meadow. air filter 44i, which makes it possible to filter the coarse particles contained in the atmospheric air. This pre-filter 44i may for example be placed in a removable frame that can be easily removed from the D-AWG, in order to be cleaned according to its nature and its composition. This pre-filter 44i of type G1 to G4 (EN 779 standard) is followed by a filter 442 which makes it possible to filter the finer particles suspended in the ambient air. The pre-filter 44i and the particulate filter 442 are followed by a photocatalytic oxidation air filter 443.
Such a photocatalytic oxidation air filter 443 implements an advanced oxidation process, according to which the chemical pollutants are sorbed on a catalytic medium, notably comprising a semiconductor such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2). Lamps emit ultraviolet (UV) radiation on titanium dioxide TiO 2 which converts water and oxygen molecules into hydroxyl free radicals. These radicals are very reactive and have the distinction of being non-selective. They degrade the majority of the pollutants of the gaseous phase into CO 2, H 2 O (O 2, N 2, etc.) without forming intermediate compounds. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs, allergens and pollens), residues of chemical and atmospheric pollution such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur (SOx), bacteria, viruses and other microbial pollution in the air are destroyed without producing ozone. This technology cleans the air before it arrives on the evaporator, resulting in better condensed water. In addition, used in a domestic atmospheric water generator, it helps purify the indoor atmosphere of a home.
Note that the air filtration module 100 may, in an alternative embodiment, include only one or two of the three filters referenced 44i to 443 described above. In one embodiment, one or more air quality sensors (not shown in FIG. 1) are placed in the air duct 43 before the air filtration module 100 to detect the presence. some potentially toxic substances, such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, benzene, smoke, etc., into the air. Such sensors are connected to the microcontroller of the atmospheric water generator, which can issue an alert to the user, and automatically stop the production of water, by stopping the fan 18 and the compressor. 5.2 Condensation of water vapor
The operation of the referenced module 101 for condensation of water vapor is now presented. It is a refrigerating unit with a thermodynamic effect which is used in this embodiment to cool the cold surface which makes it possible to condense the water vapor from the air into liquid water.
Alternatively, this referenced module 101 for condensing water vapor can be part of an air conditioning system of a building, which naturally produces condensed water during the cooling phase of the ambient air. This condensed water can therefore be upgraded by treatment according to the technique of the invention, to make it drinkable. The air filtered by the air filtration module referenced 100 is then sucked by the variable speed fan 18 through the evaporator 45 and the condenser 46 and returned to the outside of the D-AWG via one or more ducts. . The water vapor contained in the air condenses on the evaporator 45 consisting of food stainless steel tubes or copper coated with food plastic. According to one variant, heat exchange fins are present on the tubes. For a good recovery of the condensed water, there is at the base of the evaporator 45 a small chute 32 with a slight slope. The water passes through a pipe to reach the recovery tank 35. A check valve 31 prevents water from flowing back into the recirculation pipe of the channel C, coming from the solenoid valve 1.
Note that in Figure 1, the fan was placed downstream of the air filtration module 100. Alternatively, it can also be placed upstream of the filtration module 100 in the direction of movement of the air.
The production of water is managed by the microcontroller, and several production methods can be proposed and selected by the consumer, by means of the man / machine interface of the atmospheric drinking water generator of the invention. In one embodiment, it is envisaged to propose the following modes of operation of the D-AWG: a "normal" mode, in which the condensation is for example launched only at night for the sake of saving energy; a mode "forced march", in which condensation is done primarily at night, and the day if necessary; a "stop" mode, in which the water production is stopped.
Different options can also be offered to the consumer in "Normal" and "Forced March" modes:
Economy option: priority is given to saving energy. When the humidity and temperature conditions are unfavorable and the condensation of a minimum amount of water requires too much energy, production stops (energy ratio required / condensable water);
Option "condensation": the priority is given to the condensation, whatever the energy cost of the latter.
It can also be envisaged to allow the user to select the condensable energy / water limit value by means of the D-AWG interface.
Moreover, the microcontroller (not shown) of the D-AWG of the invention manages the powering up of the compressor and the speed of the fan 18 according to the psychometric diagram of the humid air (that is to say, the water mass available in the air), volumes of water in the recovery tank referenced 35 and / or in the storage tank referenced 23, and the mode and option selected by the user.
In a particular embodiment, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor at the air inlet make it possible to calculate the favorable dew point for the condensation.
According to this calculation, the speed of the refrigerant in the pipes is accelerated or slowed down to reach the correct temperature on the evaporator 45. A surface temperature sensor on the evaporator 45 makes it possible to follow this temperature. It also allows in case of frost to start a defrost (decrease the speed of the refrigerant gas or stop). In one embodiment, a relative humidity sensor at the outlet of air makes it possible to measure the humidity of the dry air. With this value and the humidity value at the air inlet, the condensation efficiency is calculated. Depending on this efficiency, the fan speed 18 and the temperature on the surface of the evaporator can be varied.
In one embodiment, a pressure sensor measures the gas pressure at the condenser outlet. This makes it possible to calculate the temperature of the refrigerating gas thanks to the physicochemical properties of the gas.
In one embodiment, it is one or more fans, connected to a frequency converter, which allows (s) to stabilize the condenser temperature. These fans are arranged on the condenser and allow for example to cool more effectively when the temperature of the refrigerant gas is too high. This is reflected by the measurement of greater pressure by the pressure sensor cited above. In this configuration, one or more fans replace (s) the fan 18 to allow the atmospheric air to be sent through the evaporator 45 (and possibly the condenser 46). They are placed upstream or downstream of the evaporator.
According to the option selected by the user ("economy" option according to which priority is given to energy saving or "condensation" option according to which the priority is given to the condensation efficiency), the microcontroller adapts with frequency converters the speed of the fan 18 (and the condenser fan or fans, if present) and the power of the compressor that manages the flow of the fluid / refrigerant gas.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, a so-called "lotus effect" food paint is applied to the tubes of the evaporator 45. It is a biomimetic paint that uses the properties of hyper hydrophobicity and self-cleaning lotus leaves. It makes it possible to slide the foreign elements onto the surface of the evaporator 45 without them being able to adhere to it. This paint makes it possible to slide the water more quickly on the condensation tubes while avoiding that bacteria or micropoussières are fixed on these. Bacterial growth on the tubes is reduced, which also reduces the need for regular cleaning. The water is thus less exposed to pollution because its contact time with the sucked air is reduced. Alternatively, a hyper-hydrophilic self-cleaning paint is applied to the tubes of the evaporator. It allows water to flow faster on the evaporator tubes, reducing the contact between water and air pollutants.
Thus, the use of these particular paints advantageously reduces the time of contact between the water and the evaporator 45, and therefore the risks of pollution of the water generated.
In a particular mode of operation of the atmospheric water generator of the invention, the extraction of water is carried out by alternating a gel phase and a thaw phase of the water on the evaporator 45. The air then solidifies directly on the pipes when the refrigerant temperature is below 0 ° C. After a while, the tubes of the evaporator 45 are warmed up and will melt the ice. This principle makes it possible to work with a negative dew point to be able to capture the humidity of the air at temperatures and humidities lower than that usually used. The water production efficiency is improved for adverse conditions.
It is also conceivable to place, between the air filtration module 100 and the evaporator 45, a small mesh resistance which covers the surface of the suction duct 43. Such a resistance makes it possible to increase the temperature of the air sucked and thus condense the water to a higher dew point, and thus to lower ambient air temperatures. The production yield of water is thus improved.
A conventional refrigeration unit thermodynamic effect, consists of an evaporator 45, an electric compressor, a condenser 46, and a pressure reducer. Hoses filled with a gas / liquid refrigerant circulate around the circuit.
Its theoretical operation is as follows: the moist and hot air that is sucked or projected by the fan 18 then passes through the evaporator 45, which contains a cold gas at low pressure in liquid / vapor form. The air while cooling on the evaporator 45 causes the condensation of the water vapor that it contains and warms the refrigerant gas by heat exchange. The heated gas is then compressed in the compressor, which increases its pressure and therefore its temperature. The cold dry air that has passed through the evaporator 45 passes through the condenser 46, from which it emerges as hot dry air. The refrigerant gas in the form of vapor leaving the compressor cools in the condenser 46 by heat exchange in contact with the cold dry air and liquefies. The refrigerant then passes into the regulator, where its pressure drops sharply. It then cools again, and returns to the liquid state before returning to the evaporator for a new cycle. It is this sudden pressure drop that induces energy absorption and thus cooling of the evaporator.
The regulator may be thermostatic, electronic, or capillary. Optionally, a dehydrator can be arranged between the condenser 46 and the expander to dehydrate the condensed fluid by the condenser 46.
Similarly, one or two pressure switches may, optionally and independently, be arranged before and after the compressor, for respectively measuring the drops and increases in pressure of the fluid in the refrigerant circuit. Optionally, a refrigerated gas cylinder can be placed after the condenser. It makes it possible to vary the amount of gas in the refrigerant circuit. As an optional alternative, it is also possible to bypass the refrigerant circuit by means of solenoid valves to cool or heat cold water or hot water tanks and / or supply an ice-making apparatus. The water thus produced by condensation of the water vapor of the air is collected in a collector 32 whose totally flat surface has a slight slope to flow this water by gravity in the water pipe of the track C until 'to a recovery tank referenced 35.
The bottom of the tank 35 is of conical or spherical shape to allow its total drainage, thanks to the outlet located at its center. Its inner surface is preferably smooth.
The water level in the recovery tank 35 can be measured by a membrane pressure sensor 33, located next to the discharge port of the tank. The measurement of the water level is carried out thanks to the pressure generated by the water on the sensor 33. In a variant it is a level transmitter which is used. 5.3 Treatment of water obtained by condensation
The treatment carried out on the water thus recovered in the recovery tank referenced 35, in the water treatment module referenced 102, is now presented in greater detail. The water collected in the recovery tank 35 is sucked by a pump. 38 through a valve 34 to an ultraviolet disinfection reactor 36, operating for example at a disinfectant wavelength of 253.7 nm. In a particular embodiment, the pump 38 is placed just after the recovery tank 35. In a variant, the UV-C sterilization reactor 36 is replaced by a UV-C lamp and its quartz cover, which are placed in the center The UV-C energy produced by the sterilization reactor 36 or the UV-C lamp deteriorates the genetic material (DNA) of the microorganisms contained in the water, which reduces their ability to reproduce or cause problems. infections. A UV-C energy dose of between 60 and 120 mJ / cm 2 is preferably delivered. The water then passes into a particulate filter referenced 37, adapted for example to a filtration of 0.5 μιτι, then in one or more filter (s) or active carbon reactor referenced (s) 39. These filters 39 may be conventional activated carbon filters or specific activated carbon filters for Volatile Organic Compounds / heavy metals. In another embodiment, another particulate filter may be placed after the activated carbon to prevent the release of fine in the network by the activated carbon.
It will be noted that, as a variant, the UV-C sterilization reactor 36 may be placed after the active carbon filter referenced 39 or after the particulate filter referenced 37.
In addition to this filtering, it is also desirable to carry out an ionic filtration of the water, in order to extract the pollutants in ionic form. In the AWGs of the prior art, such an ionic filtration is generally carried out by means of a reverse osmosis membrane, which makes it possible to separate the microorganisms, the ions and the organic compounds from the water. At the end of this filtration, the permeate is the purified water which has been filtered, and the concentrate is the water which contains the microorganisms, the ions and the filtered organic compounds. In the AWGs of the prior art (see in particular US patent document 8302412), the concentrate is returned to the collected raw water to be perpetually re-filtered. This can lead, in the long term, to an increasing increase in the concentration of pollutants in the raw water (as described for example in the patent document WO2011117841A1). A deterioration of the filtration quality of the membrane can then occur due to a polarization of concentration of compounds followed by clogging on the membrane and / or perforation of the latter.
In order to solve this drawback, it is proposed, according to the invention, to subject the water to deionization treatment, which can be implemented according to several embodiments.
A first embodiment is based on the use of one or more ion exchange resins, which can retain, depending on their nature, their selectivity factor and their separation factor, all or part of the ions contained in the water.
Such ion exchange resins can, among other things, retain metallic trace elements, undesirable ions such as ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, radionuclides, etc. It is thus possible to choose to use: a resin cartridge SAC [H] (highly acidic cation exchange resin H +) referenced 41 and a resin cartridge SBA [OH] (strongly basic anionic resin OH exchange) referenced 40; in one embodiment, it is the SBA [OH] resin cartridge which is placed before SAC [H], or a SAC resin cartridge [H] (strongly acid exchange cationic resin H +) or a resin cartridge SAC [Na] (Na + exchange strongly acidic cationic resin) and an SBA resin cartridge [CI] (strongly basic exchange anionic resin CI), or a resin cartridge SAC [H] / SBA [OH] or SAC [ H] / SBA [CI] or SAC [Na] / SBA [CI], or a WAC resin cartridge (weakly acidic cationic resin), or a WAC resin cartridge (weakly acidic cationic resin) and or a WBA resin cartridge (weakly basic anionic resin)
It is also possible to use specific resin to eliminate certain radionuclides as a replacement or complement to the resins described above. It is also possible, always in replacement or in addition to other ion exchange resins, to use specific resin to reduce TOC (Total Organic Carbon).
In one embodiment, a regeneration unit of these resins can be added to the system. For example, it is a SIATA or fleck valve that allows the regeneration to be started manually or automatically, depending for example on the conductivity of the water at the outlet of the ion exchange unit, the volume of water passed or operating time.
In addition, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, these ion exchange resins referenced 40 and 41 are arranged upstream of a filtration membrane referenced 42 which will be described in more detail below. As an alternative, the ion exchange resins 40 and 41 may also be arranged downstream of this filtration membrane referenced 42.
In a second variant embodiment, the ion exchange resin (s) is / are replaced by a zeolite aluminosilicate rock cartridge.
Zeolite is an inexpensive alternative to remove unwanted cations. The zeolites can exchange their free cations (Na +, K +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +) against heavy metals, ammonium ions, radioisotopes or cations for which the selectivity is higher. Zeolites also absorb micromolecular combinations and mycotoxins. They also act as molecular sieves and absorb gases and molecules of certain size. The lamellar zeolite Clinoptilolite has excellent characteristics especially for filtering ammonium. Zeolite enriched with magnesium or calcium can also be used. In one embodiment, this zeolite may be regenerated for example with NaCl.
In a third variant embodiment, the water undergoes an electrical purification process involving a combination of ion exchange resins and ion-selective membranes, called electrodeionization (EDI). This approach avoids the drop in water quality resulting from the gradual depletion of the resin cartridges, as well as the cost of replacing the cartridges. As for the ion exchange resins referenced 40 and 41, such an EDI module can be placed before or after a filtration membrane referenced 42.
In a fourth embodiment, it is a reverse osmosis membrane or nanofiltration which allows deionization.
This filtration membrane referenced 42 is described in more detail in detail. It will be noted that this filtration membrane can carry out alone the deionization treatment of water, in certain embodiments of the invention, or complete the treatment of water. deionization carried out by ion exchange resins, zeolite, or EDI.
In the example of FIG. 1, the membrane referenced 42 is an ultrafiltration membrane, which the water passes through before joining the electrovalve referenced 1. Such an ultrafiltration membrane has, for example, pores with an included diameter. between 1 and 100 nm. It lets ions pass, but retains molecules of high molecular weight. Alternatively, such a filtration membrane 42 is a reverse osmosis type membrane or a nanofiltration membrane: in this case, the filtered water goes into the solenoid valve referenced 1 and the residual concentrate passes through a pressure reducer to go into the return pipe of track C, before returning to the recovery tank referenced 35.
In one embodiment, the water of the recovery tank 35 is emptied periodically after a certain time, or by means of a conductivity transmitter (situated after the pump 38 and connected to the microcontroller) when a threshold value of conductivity is outdated. This makes it possible to avoid over-concentrating the compounds filtered by the reverse osmosis membrane or the nanofiltration membrane in the tank 35. The latter is emptied by means of a solenoid valve situated after the pump 38. This device, which makes it possible to make a water saving, is only possible because the condensed water is very little mineralized and contains little organic matter. The concentrate is diluted in condensed raw water until it reaches the threshold value.
In one embodiment, the residual concentrate is sent directly to the sewer.
The nanofiltration membrane allows the separation of components having a size in solution close to that of the nanometer. Monovalent ionized salts and non-ionized organic compounds with molecular weights below 200-250 g / mol (Dalton) are not retained. The reverse osmosis membrane rejects constituents with a molecular weight greater than 50-250 g / mol (Dalton): monovalent ions and some of the uncharged compounds.
After having passed through the filtration membrane referenced 42, the treated water joins the electrovalve referenced 1, which is preferably a four-way solenoid valve with three flow models. It can also be several solenoid valves that provide four channels with three flow models.
In addition, it is placed on the channels A and C circulation of the water of Figure 1, two flow meters referenced 34 and 30, which are connected to the microcontroller, and allow to calculate the volume of water "gross" ( untreated) which passed through the water treatment device of the channel A to calculate the remaining life time of each of the filters arranged on this channel. For the particulate filter referenced 37, the active carbon filter referenced 39, and the membrane filter referenced 42, their life time is set by the manufacturers in liters of filtered raw water (in the case of atmospheric drinking water generators). small size that use cartridges online). The volume of water from the reflux of the solenoid valve referenced 1 in "demineralized reflux" mode (see below) of the channel C, which has already passed through the water treatment device of the channel A is counted.
In addition to the treatment of the water referenced 102, a "Stripping" system can be set up. Gas stripping is a process that allows mass transfer of a gas from the liquid phase to the gas phase. The transfer is effected by contacting the liquid containing the gas to be removed with air which does not initially contain this gas. The elimination of gases dissolved in water by gas entrainment is particularly used for the removal of ammonia (NH3), odorous gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In one embodiment, the stripping gas is made in the recovery tank 35 and the injection of air is made with a venturi injector. A water pump draws water from the recovery tank 35 and sends it into a venturi injector. Optionally an air pump sucks in ambient air and sends it into the venturi injector. In one embodiment, the sucked air is filtered through an air filter. The air sucked into the venturi injector by suction (improved or not by the air pump) is injected into the water in the form of small bubbles. This bubbled water is sent to the bottom of the recovery tank 35, in such a way that the bubbles homogeneously cover the entire volume of water in the tank (for example, with a system of perforated pipes which homogeneously cover the surface of the recovery tank 35). The air bubbles rise along the water column of the tank 35 until reaching the atmosphere. The gases present in the water are extracted by the air bubbles. In another embodiment, the stripping gas is made in the recovery tank 35 and the injection of air is made by means of an air pump (with or without an air filter) which sends air into one or several diffusers (ceramic, for example) which distribute homogeneously the air bubbles in the water column of the recovery tank 35.
In addition to the treatment of water referenced 102 described above, it is possible to implement a chemical oxidation process with ozone to degrade all or part of the chemical compounds. All components in contact with ozone are suitable for such use. An ozonator is used to generate ozone which is then injected into the water treatment system. The ozone may be injected into a specific reactor intended for this purpose or into the recovery tank referenced 35. This ozonation treatment may be followed by biological activated carbon which reduces the fraction formed of BDOC (dissolved organic carbon biodegradable).
In addition in the treatment of water referenced 102, it is possible to implement an advanced oxidation process which produces hydroxyl radicals (for example with the photolysis of ozone by Ultra Violet).
Another chemical oxidation process may be used in the treatment of water referenced 102 or 103. For example chlorination or chlorine dioxide may be used. A method of producing chlorine could be carried out for example by electrolysis of a salt solution. The free chlorine produced is measured continuously by an electrochemical sensor.
To ensure proper maintenance of the atmospheric water generator of the invention, the microcontroller can drive the display on the control screen of the D-AWG of a message proposing to assist the user in disinfecting the water pipes. water from its atmospheric drinking water generator. Manual or automatic, some filters can be disconnected from the network, a disinfectant is added. The pumps circulate the water in the pipes. Depending on the disinfectant used, once the necessary contact time is reached, the water is either treated or drained manually or automatically. In the same way, the network can be rinsed a number of times with water, produced or added.
Finally, the life of UV lamps is calculated by counting the hours of operation or by a UV sensor. If the D-AWG is used to power a home, a residual disinfectant is automatically added to the water before it is sent to the domestic water system.
For these industrial D-AWGs, barometers or pressure sensors are arranged between each filter / reactor installed. These will monitor any pressure drop that reflects an obstruction in the filter / reactor. At least one disinfection is provided on the network, with a UV system or a residual disinfectant.
The oxidation process and the disinfection process that uses a residual disinfectant can be combined in one step. For example, chlorination may be used. However, it is advisable to control the injected concentration of such oxidant so that the oxidation and disinfection stages reach their oxidation and disinfection objectives without exceeding the concentrations allowed, by drinking water standards, by by-products induced by such methods. 5.4 Remediation of water
The remineralisation referenced 103 implemented in the embodiment of FIG. 2, downstream of the solenoid valve referenced 1, is now described in greater detail on the water circulation path B of the D-AWG of the invention.
Such remineralization 103 is based on recarbonation by injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) and neutralization by filtration on alkaline earth rock of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3), optionally mixed with magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3). Calcium / magnesium carbonates react with the aggressive free CO2 of water which induces a simultaneous increase in TH (Hydrotimetric Title or Hardness) and TAC (Full Alkalimetric Title or Alkalinity). Filtration on limestone thus makes it possible to neutralize the water but also to partially remineralize it. By increasing the concentration of C02 in the condensed water, the filtration makes it possible to increase more importantly the alkalinity and thus allows a real remineralization of the water.
The free CO2 decomposes in two parts in the case of an aggressive water: the equilibrium CO 2, which is the concentration of free CO 2 needed to obtain the state of equilibrium calco-carbonic, and the aggressive CO 2, which represents the excess of free CO 2 relative to the equilibrating CO 2. Free CO2 is in hydrated form or not.
The following reactions govern this process: CO2 (dissolved) H20 - H2CO3 [H2CO3] * + H20 + CaCO3 (s) = Ca (HC03) 2 [H2CO3] * + H20 + MgCO3 (s) = Mg (HC03) 2 With
Ca (HC03) 2 = Ca2 + + 2HCO3
Mg (HC0 3) 2 = Mg 2 + + 2HCO 3
To increase the mineralization of l ° f, it is necessary to use in theory: 4.4 mg / L of CO2 and 10 mg / L of CaCO3.
The necessary contact time between aggressive CO 2 and calcium / magnesium carbonate rock to achieve calcocarbonic equilibrium depends, among other things, on the characteristics of the raw water (aggressive CO 2, free CO 2, pH, TAC, TH, force ionic, etc.), the temperature of the water, the amount of filter material, its physical characteristics (porosity, particle size, density, etc.) and reactor characteristics (diameter, minimum rock height, etc.). ). The water, obtained by the condensation of the water vapor of the air, generally has a very low TAC and TH, contains only a little aggressive CO 2, and its pH is slightly acidic. In addition, in the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, in which partial or total deionization techniques are implemented, this water is deionized (TAC and TH still lower). Therefore, the variation of these parameters can be neglected in view of the desired high TAC and CO 2 concentrations to be injected, which are therefore defined at fixed values. The injected CO 2 will turn into aggressive CO 2 to react with the rock. The material used may be Maërl type marine limestone or marble-type terrestrial limestone. For 1 g of aggressive CO2, 1.6 to 2.4 g of Maërl are consumed, against 2.3 g of marble.
The required contact time between water and limestone is determined taking into account reactor dimensions and water flow. For example, the lower the flow rate and the larger reactor diameter, the longer the contact time. For a contact time of about 20 minutes, and a reactor of about 11.5 cm in diameter with a minimum calcite height of 25 cm, it is necessary to adjust a flow rate of about 8 l / h.
More generally, the microcontroller calculates the concentration of CO2 needed to dissolve the rock, in order to obtain the desired amount of minerals in the water. The CO2 flow rate is adjusted. The microcontroller then sets the contact time between the aggressive CO 2 and the rock for these conditions and the kinetics of dissolution of the rock, and then depending on the size of the remineralization reactor, the water flow is adjusted.
An embodiment of this remineralization treatment described above in its general principle will now be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
A pump referenced 38 sends the water from the device 102 for treating water from the channel A in the solenoid valve 1, which directs it to the remineralisation device 103 of the channel B.
According to a quantity of minerals selected by the user, the microcontroller defines the flow rate of water, thanks to the proportional flow regulator / solenoid valve referenced 2 and to the flow meter referenced 3. It will be noted that, as a variant, the flow meter referenced 3 can be placed before the solenoid valve referenced 2. The solenoid valve referenced 1 then adjusts the water flow for the channel B from the data collected by the flow meter referenced 3 and sends the excess water in track C.
The pressure regulator / pressure regulator referenced 7 stabilizes the outlet pressure of the CO2 that leaves the CO 2 cylinder 5 (or a CO 2 tank) through the pipe referenced 6, regardless of the pressure in the cylinder. A CO 2 filter can be placed on the pipe 6. The proportional solenoid / flow control valve 8 then opens to allow the CO 2 to exit the cylinder 5. It is also possible that an "all or nothing" solenoid valve placed before or after the referenced flow controller 8 releases the CO 2 from the tank.
The concentration and the flow rate of C02 necessary for dissolving the quantity of minerals selected, at the water flow rate already defined, are calculated by the microcontroller and regulated by the proportional solenoid / flow control valve referenced 8 and the flow meter referenced 9 (which can be placed before or after the flow controller referenced 8). To define the correct gas flow, the microcontroller converts volume flow, a function of the density of CO 2 which is related to the pressure and temperature in mass flow. A mass flow controller for gas can replace the proportional solenoid valve / flow regulator 8 and the flow meter 9.
In order to optimize the calculation of the CO 2 flow rate, a temperature sensor referenced 10 may be placed in the gas pipe referenced 6: indeed, a variation in the temperature of the CO 2 gas modifies the density of CO 2 at a given pressure, which changes its concentration.
Similarly, if the pressure measured by the pressure sensor referenced 4 in the water pipe varies, the C02 pressure regulator referenced 7 will allow for example, to increase the outlet pressure of CO 2 (automatically or manually ).
The CO 2 gas, after being released by the solenoid valve referenced 8 continues to advance in the pipe referenced 6 by pressure, to pass the water-gas check valve referenced 11. This valve prevents water from entering the pipe when no CO2 is dispensed.
The CO 2 gas is finally injected into the water by the injector referenced 12. According to the size of the D-AWG and the amount of water treated, a venturi injector is used directly or bypass. A pressure sensor may also be added before the check valve referenced 11.
In order to facilitate the dissolution of the CO 2 injected into the water, before it reaches the re-mineralization reactor 15, provision may be made to lengthen the referenced pipe 14 leading the water to this reactor. It is also possible to have a gas / water mixer ("in-line static mixer") 13.
Similarly, it is noted that it is possible to provide, on the water circulation path B, to insert a pH meter and / or a conductivity meter, in order to characterize the water to be remineralized, and thus to adjust to better the flow of water in the remineralization reactor 15, depending on the calcocarbon parameters desired. As an alternative, the system may not include any sensors, allow any adjustment of the concentration and flow rate of CO 2 and water flow, and then be "oversized" to match the capacity and flow of maximum CO2, and the most unfavorable water properties. The water then arrives in the remineralization reactor referenced 15, containing calcium carbonate and / or magnesium, in the form of gravel. Such a reactor 15 has, in this embodiment, the shape of a cylinder of revolution.
In an advantageous embodiment, the entry of water into the remineralization reactor 15 is from below, and the outlet from above, which reduces the washing and the formation of preferential paths. Two buffer filters are located at both ends in the cylinder between the limestone rock and the inlet / outlet, in order to prevent a maximum of fines (small particles of dissolved limestone) from contaminating the network.
The principle of sizing a reactor is known to those skilled in the art: the reactor diameter, the actual percolation rate, the mass of limestone in the reactor, the duration between two refills, are calculated from the time of water-limestone contact, peak flow to percolate, the height of the cartridge / reactor, the maximum filling height of the limestone rock in the reactor, the minimum height of rock allowed, the water consumption daily, limestone-CO 2 reactivity, free CO 2, desired total aggressive CO 2, apparent density of limestone, etc.
As indicated above, the user can choose the desired amount of minerals in the remineralized water, through a control screen of the D-AWG of the invention, connected to the microcontroller. It is possible to select and set one of the following parameters: calcium concentration, magnesium concentration, conductivity, alkalinity, hardness.
The microcontroller adapts, depending on the parameters selected by the user, the concentration and the flow rate of CO 2 to be injected, from the amount of CaCO 3 and MgCO 3 which constitute the rock, contained in the remineralization reactor 15. The microcontroller calculates also the water flow rate for the required contact time between the aggressive CO 2 and the limestone rock and readjusts the proportional solenoid valve referenced 2 with the flow meter 3.
At the outlet of the remineralization reactor 15, a particulate sediment filter 16 or a microfiltration membrane may be placed in order to filter any fines and / or the microorganisms released at the outlet of the reactor 15. The filter lifetime can then be calculated with the flow meter 3 or with the flow meter 21 disposed downstream of the remineralisation reactor 15.
It is indeed possible, optionally, to have a conductivity meter 19 and a pH meter 20 connected to the microcontroller, in the pipes upstream of a storage tank referenced 23 or in this tank. They make it possible to follow the smooth progress of the remineralization. In case of anomaly, the user is alerted via the display screen.
A UV-C sterilization reactor 17 is placed downstream of the remineralization reactor 15 and is activated when the water circulates, to disinfect the water coming from the reactor 15.
A reservoir 23 whose shape is close to a right circular cylinder is used to store the produced water before consumption. The bottom is conical or semi-spherical, to allow a complete drainage of the latter. The walls are smooth.
The quantity of water from the storage tank 23 is calculated by virtue of two meter flow rates / water meter referenced 21 and 26 placed upstream and downstream of the reservoir. Alternatively, a membrane sensor located at the outlet of the storage tank 23 calculates the volume of water through the pressure exerted by the water on the latter. In another variant, it is a simple float sensor that informs of the water level in the storage tank 23.
An anti-particulate and / or antibacterial vent filter referenced 22 is placed on the top of the storage tank 23, in order to filter the air which is in contact with the water, in the case where the reservoir is not pressurized.
A UV-C lamp referenced 24 under its protective shell can be placed in the tank 23. A dose of Ultra Violet energy is dispensed periodically (every hour in some embodiments) to ensure quality water. As an alternative, a UV-C reactor is placed after the tank to disinfect the water that is consumed or circulates under reflux.
When the quantity of water in the recovery tank 35 is at a minimum or the quantity of water in the storage tank 23 is at maximum, the remineralization process is interrupted: the pump 38 stops the circulation of the water, the solenoid valve 1 closes and cuts the communications between the different networks, the proportional solenoid valve 2 opens to the maximum to guarantee a maximum flow in case of reflux, the proportional gas solenoid valve 8, closes and stops the injection of CO2, the UV-C lamp 16 stops radiating. The dissolution of the alkaline-earth calcium carbonate and / or magnesium carbonate rocks stops because there is not enough aggressive CO 2 to continue the dissolution reaction and the water has reached the calcocarbonic equilibrium . PH, alkalinity and hardness therefore remain stable.
In another embodiment, it is also possible that the rock used for the neutralization is composed in part or in whole of calcium / magnesium oxide (CaO / MgO).
In another embodiment, the rock neutralization can be followed or replaced by the injection of a chemical compound which makes it easier to reach the calcocarbonic balance (i.e. carbonate saturation index greater than 0).
5.5 Circulation and reflux of water in the D-AWG
In the embodiment described here, the microcontroller of the D-AWG of the invention drives five distinct water flow modes, namely: a "production" mode; a "consumption" mode; a "demineralized reflux" mode; a "remineralized reflux" mode; a "drain" mode.
It will be noted that the water treatment module 102 and the remineralization module 103 each have their reflux circuit. The reflux makes it possible to periodically circulate the water through the network and thus to avoid a stagnation of the water which favors a bacterial development followed by a possible development of biofilm. It also makes it possible to redo the water through the UV disinfection reactors, in order to guarantee a water that is always biologically sound. The use of two separate reflux circuits makes it possible to provide an economically operating D-AWG, jointly offering a deionization treatment on the one hand, and a remineralization treatment on the other hand. 5.5.1 "Production" mode
This mode is started when the amount of water in the recovery tank 35 from the condensing module 101 has reached a sufficient level and the storage tank 23 is not full. The pump 38 activates and sends the water from the recovery tank 35 in the channel A, then in the channel B, to arrive in the storage tank 23. Through the channel A, the water passes into the storage module. water treatment 102 which filters the majority of organic and inorganic compounds and destroys 99% of microorganisms. It is then directed through the solenoid valve 1 in the B-channel to pass through the remineralisation module 103 which adds calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate ions and destroys 99.99% of the microorganisms. When the storage tank 23 is full or the recovery tank 35 has reached its limit value, the "Production" mode stops. 5.5.2 "Consumption" mode
When the amount of water in the storage tank 23 has reached a predetermined minimum threshold, the "consumption" mode can be started by the user via the control panel or the touch screen. Solenoid valve 28 switches to create the passage from channel G to channel F if necessary. The pump 25 activates and sends the water contained in the storage tank 23 of the channel G to the channel F to the tap. 5.5.3 "Demineralized reflux" mode
The "demineralized reflux" mode starts periodically, for example every hour, if no water circulation has been observed during the last hour. It lasts the time that all the water contained in channels A and C is replaced by water from the recovery tank 35. The pump 38 is activated and sends the water through the various filters of the treatment module. 102. The solenoid valve 1 switches and sends the water from the channel A to the channel C to the recovery tank 35. The UV-C lamp, located in the disinfection reactor 36 or in the storage tank recovery 35 disinfects the water. The water contained in the first circulation circuit consisting of the water circulation pathways A and C is thus renewed. This makes it possible to avoid a development of microorganisms within the deionization circuit. The flow meter 30 or 34 causes this reflux mode to stop when the water of the channels A and C has been completely renewed at least once, or several times, depending on the setting. 5.5.4 "Remineralized reflux" mode
When the "demineralized reflux" mode is finished, the "remineralized reflux" mode is started, or vice versa. For example, such a reflux mode is started every hour, if no water has circulated in the D-AWG in the past hour. It lasts until all the water contained in channels G, D and B is replaced by water from storage tank 23. Solenoid valve 1 switches to send water from channel D to channel B The UV-C lamp 24 of the storage tank 23 is activated and dispenses a UV dose in order to disinfect the water of the tank 23. The pump 25 is activated and sends the water from the tank 23 into the pipe G and then the track D through the solenoid valve 28. The water of the channel D passes through the channel B via the solenoid valve 1. The UV lamp in the disinfection reactor 16 can be activated throughout the cycle to avoid that the water from the channel B does not contaminate the storage tank 23. The flow meter 3 or 21 stops this mode of disinfection via the pump 25 when the volume of water contained in the track G, D and B is renewed. As an alternative, the water can be renewed several times.
Alternatively, a UV-C reactor placed after or before the storage tank 23 on the G-channel replaces the UV-C lamp 24 contained in the tank 23. In a remineralized reflux programming mode, the entire volume of water contained in the tank passes through this UV reactor in order to be disinfected and is returned to the tank 23 via the channels G, D and B. 5.5.5 "Drain" mode
The "Drain" mode empties the water tanks automatically. As stated above, the storage tank 23 empties from channel G to E via the solenoid valve 28. Once this is finished, the water contained in the channel C, the recovery tank 35 , channel A, channel D and channel B is sent into the storage tank 23 which is in turn emptied again. The drain water outlet is located at the back of the unit. It can be connected to a pipe to facilitate the transport of water to a sewer.
The D-AWG of the invention has been described here in a particular embodiment, in which the water undergoes, on the one hand, a deionization treatment, and, on the other hand, a remineralization treatment, each of these two treatments being implemented in a closed and separate reflux circuit. The invention relates, however, primarily to an AWG implementing a water remineralization treatment, regardless of the implementation of a deionization treatment, or the use of two separate reflux circuits. The device for generating atmospheric water of the invention could also implement a deionization treatment of water, without implementation of a remineralization treatment as described above, and whatever the structure of the or water circulation circuit (s).
The atmospheric water generation device of the invention could also implement a filtration treatment of water (by particulate filter and / or ultrafiltration membrane and / or by activated carbon filter), without implementation. a deionization treatment or a remineralization treatment as described above, or a filtration treatment of the water also implementing a deionization treatment only, without remineralization, or a filtration treatment of the water also implementing a remineralization treatment only, without deionization, or as described above, a water filtration treatment also implementing a deionization treatment and a remineralization treatment. The atmospheric water generation device of the invention can also implement a partial or total oxidation of the chemical compounds present in the water (condensed and / or filtered and / or deionized and / or remineralized). This chemical oxidation can be done by chlorination, by action of chlorine dioxide, by action of ozone, or by implementation of an AOP type process. The device for generating atmospheric water of the invention can also implement a disinfection of water (condensed and / or filtered and / or deionized and / or remineralized) by ultraviolet lamp, chlorine, chlorine dioxide or ozone . Such disinfection can use a residual disinfectant to ensure the quality of the water at the microbiological level during the distribution of this water in a pipeline network. Disinfection and oxidation can be carried out jointly during the same step.
The reflux device shown above is advantageously used in domestic D-AWGs that produce only small amounts of drinking water per day. For industrial D-AWGs that produce large amounts of water, water is used directly continuously. Reflux is not necessary. The solenoid valves 1 and 28, and the channels C and D are removed. In a particular embodiment, the storage tank 23 and the dispensing pump 25 are also removed. The D-AWG stops at the end of track B. The UV lamp referenced 17, can also be replaced by a module that allows the injection of a residual disinfectant.

权利要求:
Claims (20)
[1" id="c-fr-0001]
1. Device for treating a condensed water from water vapor contained in the air, characterized in that it comprises means for adding minerals to said condensed water by contacting said condensed water with a reactor remineralization system containing at least one alkaline earth rock, said mineral adding means also comprising: means for controlling a contact time of said condensed water with said remineralization reactor, as a function of a predetermined quantity of minerals to add ; means for calculating a quantity of carbon dioxide to be injected into said condensed water, as a function of said predetermined quantity of minerals to be added; means for injecting into said condensed water said calculated amount of carbon dioxide; said means for adding minerals producing remineralized water.
[2" id="c-fr-0002]
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said control means are adapted to control at least one of the following parameters: a flow rate of said condensed water in said remineralization reactor; a concentration of said carbon dioxide to be injected; an injection flow rate of said carbon dioxide; a pressure of said carbon dioxide to be injected.
[3" id="c-fr-0003]
3. Device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises means for selection by a user of said predetermined amount of minerals to be added to said condensed water.
[4" id="c-fr-0004]
4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said means for treating said condensed water comprise deionization means of said condensed water, producing a deionized water.
[5" id="c-fr-0005]
5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that said deionization means of said condensed water comprise at least some of the means belonging to the group comprising: an ion exchange resin module; an aluminosilicate rock of zeolite type; electrodeionization means (EDI); a reverse osmosis membrane; a nanofiltration membrane.
[6" id="c-fr-0006]
6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said processing means also comprise means for filtering said condensed water and / or said deionized water implementing at least one of the elements belonging to the group comprising: a particulate filter; an activated carbon filter; an ultrafiltration membrane.
[7" id="c-fr-0007]
7. Device according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that said means for adding minerals are disposed downstream of said deionization means, so that said minerals are added to said deionized water to produce said remineralized water.
[8" id="c-fr-0008]
8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it also comprises a stripping device capable of removing water at least one Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) or unwanted gas.
[9" id="c-fr-0009]
9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises two dissociated water circulation circuits, namely: a first water circulation circuit comprising a recovery tank of said condensed water said means for deionizing said condensed water and first means for disinfecting the water; a second water circulation circuit comprising said mineral adding means, a reservoir for storing said remineralised water and second means for disinfecting said remineralised water.
[10" id="c-fr-0010]
10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises means for periodically activating the flow of water in each of said first and second circuits.
[11" id="c-fr-0011]
11. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it also comprises means for partial or total oxidation of at least one chemical compound present in said condensed water and / or in said filtered water and or in said deionized water and / or in said remineralized water.
[12" id="c-fr-0012]
12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that said partial or total oxidation means belong to the group comprising: chlorination oxidation means; oxidation means by action of chlorine dioxide; oxidation means by ozone action means for implementing an advanced oxidation process (AOP "Advanced Oxidation Processes").
[13" id="c-fr-0013]
13. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it also comprises means for disinfecting said condensed water and / or said filtered water and / or deionized water rut and / or said water remineralized device implementing at least one of the elements belonging to the group comprising: an ultraviolet lamp; chlorine; chlorine dioxide; Ozone.
[14" id="c-fr-0014]
14. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that said disinfection means comprise at least one residual disinfectant capable of ensuring the quality of the water at the microbiological level during the distribution of this water in a pipe network.
[15" id="c-fr-0015]
15. A method of treating a condensed water from water vapor contained in the air, characterized in that it comprises a step of adding minerals to said condensed water by contacting said condensed water with a reactor remineralization process comprising at least one alkaline earth rock, and in that said step of adding minerals implements substeps of: controlling a contact time of said condensed water with said remineralization reactor, according to a predetermined amount of minerals to be added; calculating a quantity of carbon dioxide to be injected into said condensed water, according to said predetermined quantity of minerals to be added; injecting said condensed water with said calculated amount of carbon dioxide; said step of adding minerals to said condensed water producing remineralized water.
[16" id="c-fr-0016]
16. System for generating drinking water from atmospheric air, comprising means for condensing a water vapor contained in the air, capable of producing condensed water, characterized in that it comprises a device treatment of said condensed water according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
[17" id="c-fr-0017]
17. System according to claim 16, characterized in that it comprises means for treating atmospheric air arranged upstream of said condensing means.
[18" id="c-fr-0018]
18. System according to any one of claims 16 and 17, characterized in that it comprises at least one sensor delivering information on the quality of the atmospheric air, and means for stopping said water generation system. potable when said air quality information is below a predetermined threshold.
[19" id="c-fr-0019]
19. System according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that said means for condensing a water vapor contained in the air are part of an air conditioning system of all or part of a building .
[20" id="c-fr-0020]
20. A method for generating drinking water from atmospheric air, comprising a step of condensing a water vapor contained in the air, capable of producing condensed water, characterized in that it implements a process for treating said condensed water according to claim 15.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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PH12018501033A1|2019-01-28|

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EP3408230A1|2018-12-05|

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FR3044003B1|2017-12-01|

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AU2016359441A1|2018-07-12|

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WO2017089988A1|2017-06-01|

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BR112018009993A2|2018-11-06|

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US20190127253A1|2019-05-02|

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BR112018009993A8|2019-02-26|

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ZA201804215B|2019-04-24|

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IL259435D0|2018-07-31|

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SG11201804224RA|2018-06-28|

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法律状态:
2016-11-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |

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2017-05-26| EXTE| Extension to a french territory|Extension state: PF |

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2017-05-26| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170526 |

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2017-11-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

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2019-11-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |

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2020-11-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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FR1561325A|FR3044003B1|2015-11-24|2015-11-24|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING CONDENSED WATER FROM WATER VAPOR CONTAINED IN AIR, METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GENERATING DRINKING WATER THEREFOR.|FR1561325A| FR3044003B1|2015-11-24|2015-11-24|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING CONDENSED WATER FROM WATER VAPOR CONTAINED IN AIR, METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GENERATING DRINKING WATER THEREFOR.|

---

PCT/IB2016/057110| WO2017089988A1|2015-11-24|2016-11-24|Method and device for treating water condensed from water vapor contained in the air, and related method and system for generating potable water|

---

US15/778,678| US20190127253A1|2015-11-24|2016-11-24|Method and device for treating water condensed from water vapor contained in the air, and related method and system for generating potable water|

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SG11201804224RA| SG11201804224RA|2015-11-24|2016-11-24|Method and device for treating water condensed from water vapor contained in the air, and related method and system for generating potable water|

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EP16805219.9A| EP3408230A1|2015-11-24|2016-11-24|Method and device for treating water condensed from water vapor contained in the air, and related method and system for generating potable water|

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BR112018009993A| BR112018009993A8|2015-11-24|2016-11-24|method and device for the treatment of condensed water from airborne water vapor, related method and system for the generation of drinking water.|

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AU2016359441A| AU2016359441A1|2015-11-24|2016-11-24|Method and device for treating water condensed from water vapor contained in the air, and related method and system for generating potable water|

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PH12018501033A| PH12018501033A1|2015-11-24|2018-05-15|Method and device for treating water condensed from water vapor contained in the air, and related method and system for generating potable water|

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IL259435A| IL259435D0|2015-11-24|2018-05-16|Method and device for treating water condensed from water vapor contained in the air, and related method and system for generating potable water|

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ZA2018/04215A| ZA201804215B|2015-11-24|2018-06-22|Method and device for treating water condensed from water vapor contained in the air, and related method and system for generating potable water|